![]() 15, 16, this study is devoted to the dynamics of spatial interactions generated by urban units included in a regular hexagonal CPT pattern (see also: 7, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25). Conducted in the spirit of recent works by Banaszak et al. Then it is possible to establish a boundary–where the chaotic spatial interactions of the cities under study end, and orderly interactions begin–as in the case of classical CPT. Therefore, answering the questions posed above requires incorporating nonlinear dynamics into the theory of spatial interactions. This prompts the challenging question whether it is possible to design a general theory on hierarchical spatial systems that comprises the above-mentioned static approaches as specific cases (see also 11, 12, 13).ĭespite many useful extensions of CPT, for instance, in the context of urban network theory 14, it was mainly the static approach that dominated these works and contained significant limitations on the often stylized structure of the hierarchical network of central places. But only rarely have these two basic assumptions been scrutinised in a dynamic and evolutionary geographical system. returns to scale in urban centers and distance friction costs. But how sensitive are these findings to the specific methods and models used? It is noteworthy that despite the great variety in these methods and approaches, two basic features are always present in empirical CPT tests, viz. The permanent flow of publications on CPT has brought to light the presence of quite some heterogeneity in central place systems in the real world. Examples of such approaches are: spatial systems thinking, (hierarchical) linear programming models, rank-size rule techniques, Zipf’s law, gravitational models, distance-friction transportation models, spatial scale and agglomeration approaches, and so forth. The theory has played a pivotal role in studies on spatial consumer behaviour, the retail sector, spatial product specialisation, healthcare systems, and trade and transportation analyses.ĬPT has not only been applied in different domains of the space-economy, it has also developed a respectable range of different methods to test the validity of hierarchical systems in geography. homogeneous spaces, even population distribution, uniform distance frictions, demand threshold levels, and competition among producers), CPT posits that a hierarchical (pyramidal) system of centers of various size classes will emerge within a hexagonal structure 7, 8, 9, 10. Based on stylized assumptions on a space-economy (e.g. The core idea is that the spatial distribution of market services and goods follows a rational specialisation pattern that determines the location, size and number of settlements and production places. ![]() CPT seeks to provide a systemic perspective on spatial order in a geographical system of settlements ranging from villages to big cities. Since its inception by Christaller 1, it has prompted a wealth of publications, both theoretical and empirical (see e.g. “Chaos always defeats order, because is better organized.” Terry Pratchett (1948–2015).Ĭentral Place Theory (CPT) is often seen as one of the few ‘real’ theories in economic geography and regional science.
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